B Vapour deposition Actinide conditioning ADDITIVE E171 Surface morphology 2D nanomaterials Nanoparticles Lamkaouane Solar cell ABSORPTION Bernède Molybdenum trioxide ADSORPTION Raman Addou 31P NMR Thin film GaSe2 PVD Ambipolar material X-ray diffraction A Interfaces ATR-FTIR Alkali Tandem solar cells Buffer layers Buffer layer Organic solar cells Alternative buffers Molybdenum oxide Solar cells Epitaxy Photovoltaics Organic photovoltaic cells ITO free electrode Planar heterojunction Anode buffer layer Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Organic solar cell Back contact Fill factor XPS CuIn Reverse bias Alpha-sexithiophene Band gap gradient Photoemission spectroscopy Copper indium gallium selenide Band-gap Anode 4-propylenedioxythiophene Electropolymerization E171 Adsorption 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole Arzel Band alignment Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride H Ambipolar organic layer Partial shading Active layers Absorption ALPHA-AMYLASE L CIGSe N-doping Cattin A Thin films Band diagram Thin-film solar cells J-C Aluminum-doped zinc oxide M A Interfaces Bond valence excess Anatase Titanium dioxide Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments TIO2 4-ethylenedioxythiophene A Fullerenes Photoluminescence Ftouhi Silicon Aniline and thiophene derivatives Bond valence mode Thin films BaTiO3 BTO Sodium Aqueous colloidal solution Electrical properties Copper Anatase colloidal solution for printing Alternative module structure CIGS Characterization 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole Planar heterojunctions